Medicine For Rheumatoid Arthritis

Medicine for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a type of arthritis where the immune system attacks the tissue lining the joints, typically affecting the same joints on both sides of the body. This may cause a painful swelling that can eventually result in bone erosion and joint deformity. It is a chronic disorder that may lead to the inflammation of the joints and surrounding tissues. In some people, it can damage a wide variety of body systems, including the eyes, skin, heart, lungs, and blood vessels. The primary goal of medicine for rheumatoid arthritis is to reduce inflammation, manage pain and slow disease progression. Various medications may be prescribed to help patients maintain a good quality of life while preventing long-term complications.

Types of Medicine for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Different types of medicine for rheumatoid arthritis are available, each targeting various aspects of the disease. 

1.Corticosteroids

These medicines can work well in reducing joint swelling and inflammation. However, they can have long-term side effects. If used alone, they do not prevent joint damage. Therefore, it is recommended to take them only for a short time and in low doses when possible.

2.Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)

These medicines help reduce pain and inflammation, slow disease progression and prevent joint damage. They are often the first medicines tried in people with RA. They are prescribed along with anti-inflammatory drugs, strengthening exercise, and rest.
DMARD medicine for rheumatoid arthritis include:

• Methotrexate: This is the most commonly used DMARD medicine for rheumatoid arthritis. Leflunomide and hydroxychloroquine may also be used.
• Sulfasalazine: This medicine can be often combined with methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine (triple therapy).
• Antimalarial medicines: This group includes hydroxychloroquine. These medicines are often used along with methotrexate, and it may take weeks or months to see benefits from them.

3.Anti-inflammatory Medicines

These medicines include aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen, naproxen and celecoxib. They work well in reducing joint swelling and inflammation. Since they do not prevent joint damage if used alone, DMARDs are used together.

4.Biologic DMARD Agents

These medicines are designed to affect parts of the immune system that may play a role in the disease process of rheumatoid arthritis. They may be given when other medications, usually methotrexate, haven’t worked. These target the part of the immune system responsible for inflammation. Examples include etanercept, adalimumab, and infliximab.

5.Janus Kinase (JAK) Inhibitors

These are oral medications that help reduce inflammation by blocking certain enzymes in the immune system. Examples include baricitnib, tofacitinib, and upadacitnib.

6.Pain Relievers (Analgesics)

These help in managing pain, but may not be able to reduce inflammation. Examples include paracetamol and opioids for severe cases.

Benefits of Using Medicine for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Medicine for rheumatoid arthritis offers significant benefits in managing the disease, preventing complications and improving overall quality of life.

Benefits of using medicine for rheumatoid arthritis include:

• Prevention of joint damage: Biologics and DMARDs can help slow down the disease’s progression, preventing joint function.
  Pain and inflammation control: Corticosteroids and NSAIDs quickly relieve inflammation and discomfort.
• Long-term disease management: Early diagnosis and intervention with appropriate medicines help ensure prolonged remission and fewer complications.
• Reduced flare-ups: Medications taken regularly can help in minimising the occurrence of severe rheumatoid arthritis flare-ups.
• Improved mobility and function: Effective treatment helps in reducing stiffness, allowing better movement and daily functioning.
• Enhanced quality of life: By controlling treatment and preserving joint health, rheumatoid arthritis medications enable patients to lead a more active and independent life.

Dosage & Usage Instructions of Medicine for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Accurate usage and dosage of medicine for rheumatoid arthritis are essential for effective treatment and symptom management.

1. General Dosage Guidelines

A few guidelines include:

• DMARDs: Methotrexate is the most prescribed DMARD and may be prescribed to take once a week.
• Biologics: These are administered via injection or infusion with frequency ranging from weekly to monthly, depending on the specific drug.
• NSAIDs: These are typically taken once or twice daily, depending on the prescribed strength.
• Corticosteroids: The dosage of corticosteroids may vary based on severity. Usually, a short-term high dose is followed by a tapering schedule.
• Analgesics: These are used for pain relief, but doctors may recommend not overusing them to avoid dependency.
• JAK Inhibitors: These can be taken orally once or twice daily, depending on the prescription.

2. Caution Points

Below are a few caution points to follow:

• It is essential to monitor side effects, as some medicines for rheumatoid arthritis can cause severe complications like infections and liver damage.
• Routine blood tests may be required for patients on DMARDs or biologics.
• It is recommended to always take prescribed medicines under the supervision of a doctor.
• Alcohol consumption can worsen side effects, especially when taking methotrexate.
• JAK inhibitors and biologics may weaken the immune system, increasing infection risk.

Some rheumatoid arthritis medicines may not be safe during pregnancy. Hence, it is essential to first consult a doctor before taking such medicines.

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