My relative has been hospitalised for two weeks with pleural effusion, ascites, and bowel distension. Her CA-125 tumour marker level is extremely high at 945 U/mL, and she has been referred to a gynaecologist who is considering a hysterectomy or ovary removal. Does this high CA-125 level indicate a chance of ovarian cancer, and what are the recommended next steps, medical treatments, or surgical options?

A CA-125 level of 945 U/mL is elevated and raises the possibility of ovarian cancer, especially alongside ascites and pleural effusion. However, it is not a definitive diagnosis, as benign inflammation can also increase this marker. The next step is a thorough evaluation by a gynecologic oncologist, likely including a CT scan. If a tumour is suspected, surgery (such as removing the ovaries and uterus) is the standard approach to both confirm the diagnosis and remove the disease. Depending on the surgical findings, chemotherapy using medications like carboplatin and paclitaxel may follow. Please discuss these findings closely with her specialist team.

I have had a painless, pimple-like bump on the inner side of my lower lip for the past two months. Could this be a sign of oral cancer, and what medications or treatments are recommended for this condition?

A persistent bump on the inner lower lip is most commonly a mucocele, a harmless, fluid-filled sac caused by a minor injury, like accidentally biting your lip. While oral cancer is a possibility for any long-lasting spot, a painless, pimple-like bump of this duration is much more likely to be benign. No medications will cure a mucocele. If it does not resolve, treatments include minor surgical removal, cryotherapy, or laser therapy performed by a dentist or oral surgeon. Please do not try to squeeze or pop it. I highly recommend visiting a dentist or physician for an accurate diagnosis and peace of mind.