Definition and Nature of Each Condition

• Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): An autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks joint linings, causing inflammation.
• Osteoarthritis (OA): A degenerative joint condition due to cartilage wear and tear.

Causes and Risk Factors

• RA: Caused by immune system malfunction; risk factors include genetics and age.
• OA: Results from joint wear; risk factors include age, obesity, and joint injuries.

Symptoms and Joint Involvement

• RA: Pain, swelling, and stiffness in symmetrical joints (e.g., both wrists).
• OA: Pain and stiffness, often in weight-bearing joints like knees and hips.

Disease Progression and Impact

• RA: Can lead to joint deformity and affect other organs.
• OA: Gradual joint damage, leading to reduced mobility.

Diagnosis and Medical Evaluation

• RA: Blood tests and imaging to detect inflammation.
• OA: X-rays and physical exams to assess cartilage loss.

Treatment Approaches

• RA: Immunosuppressants, anti-inflammatory drugs, and physical therapy.
• OA: Pain relief, physical therapy, and lifestyle changes like weight management.

Relationship and Differences

• Both cause joint pain but have different origins and treatments. They can coexist in some individuals.

When to Consult a Specialist

• Seek rheumatology consultation if experiencing persistent joint pain, swelling, or stiffness for proper diagnosis and management.