The primary treatment for hepatic encephalopathy is addressing the underlying liver disease and reducing ammonia and other toxins in the bloodstream. Lactulose is commonly prescribed to prevent the absorption of ammonia in the gut. In some cases, antibiotics such as rifaximin may be added to reduce ammonia-producing gut bacteria and prevent recurrent episodes.

If you have a cold, you may take over-the-counter medicines such as paracetamol for fever and body aches, and use saline nasal sprays or steam inhalation to relieve congestion and make breathing easier. For mild stomach pain, eat bland foods such as rice, toast, bananas, or soups, and avoid heavy, greasy, or spicy meals that may irritate your stomach. If your stomach pain is severe, persistent, or accompanied by other concerning symptoms, please consult a doctor promptly for proper evaluation and treatment.