After living with diabetes mellitus for seven years, the main focus should be on preventing or minimising long-term complications. It is essential to maintain optimal blood sugar control (with an HbA1c target typically below 7%) and manage cardiovascular risk factors such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol, which increase the risk of heart disease. Regular check-ups are crucial, including an eye examination (to detect retinopathy), a urinalysis (to assess kidney function and identify nephropathy), and a comprehensive foot examination (to monitor for nerve-related complications such as neuropathy).

Yes, there are several recent advancements in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus. One of the most notable is the FDA approval of Teplizumab, an immunotherapy designed to preserve the remaining pancreatic beta-cell function and delay disease onset in individuals at high risk. Researchers are also developing encapsulated beta-cell replacement therapies and immune-based treatments to help the body tolerate its own insulin-producing cells. Additionally, there is growing interest in the role of the gut microbiome in managing diabetes, as well as advancements in closed-loop insulin delivery systems (artificial pancreas) to improve glucose control.

Ayurvedic medicine alone is not enough to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus. While certain Ayurvedic remedies may help improve blood sugar control and provide symptomatic relief, they cannot replace conventional medical therapy. Effective diabetes management requires a balanced approach that includes healthy lifestyle modifications and scientifically proven medications to reduce the risk of complications. Ayurveda may serve as an adjunct therapy, provided it is used under the guidance of a qualified Ayurvedic practitioner in coordination with a healthcare professional.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus significantly increases the risk of developing ischemic heart disease (coronary artery disease). Persistently high blood sugar levels, along with elevated cholesterol, damage the walls of blood vessels and promote plaque buildup in the coronary arteries (atherosclerosis). This leads to narrowing of the arteries and reduced blood flow to the heart, thereby increasing the risk of angina (chest pain) and heart attack.

People with type 2 diabetes mellitus feel excessive thirst (polydipsia) mainly because of high blood sugar levels (hyperglycaemia). When the amount of glucose in the blood exceeds the kidneys? capacity to reabsorb it, the excess sugar is passed out in the urine. This process pulls water from the body, leading to frequent urination and dehydration. As a result, the body stimulates thirst to replace the lost fluids and maintain proper hydration.

The key aspects of care in type 2 diabetes mellitus include maintaining optimal blood glucose levels (for example, an HbA1c target of less than 7%) through a combination of medications and lifestyle modifications. Important lifestyle measures include following a healthy diet, engaging in regular physical activity, and taking prescribed medications as directed. It is also important to maintain a healthy weight, manage stress effectively, and get adequate sleep. Regular blood glucose monitoring and routine medical check-ups are essential for preventing long-term complications.