Medicationsa. Mood stabilizers like lithium and anticonvulsants (e.g., valproate) manage mood swings.b. Antipsychotics are used for manic episodes; antidepressants are used cautiously.

Psychotherapya. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) helps manage symptoms and develop coping strategies.b. Psychoeducation aids patients and families in understanding the disorder.

Lifestyle and Supporta. Regular sleep, exercise, and routine are crucial.b. Support groups and family involvement are beneficial.

Hospitalization and Advanced Treatmentsa. Hospitalization may be necessary for severe episodes.b. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used in treatment-resistant cases.

Ongoing Monitoringa. Regular follow-up with psychiatrists for medication adjustments and monitoring side effects.

Special Considerationsa. Treatment is tailored to individual needs and co-existing conditions.b. Collaboration with mental health specialists ensures comprehensive care.