Understanding Anal Fissures

• Anal fissures are small tears in the lining of the anus, often causing pain and bleeding during bowel movements.

Initial Conservative Treatments

• Dietary Changes: Increase fiber intake and stay hydrated.
• Stool Softeners: Prevent constipation.
• Sitz Baths: Use warm water to relieve pain and promote healing.

Medical Treatments

• Topical Medications: Apply nitroglycerin ointment or calcium channel blockers to relax the anal sphincter.
• Pain Relief: Use topical anesthetics for discomfort.

When to Consider Specialist Consultation

• Seek a specialist if symptoms persist beyond 6-8 weeks despite treatment.

Advanced Treatment Options

• Botulinum Toxin Injections: Reduce sphincter spasm.
• Surgery: Lateral internal sphincterotomy for chronic fissures unresponsive to medical therapy.

Follow-up and Lifestyle Advice

• Manage bowel habits, avoid straining, and ensure regular follow-up to monitor healing and prevent recurrence.