Lifestyle Modifications

• Increase calcium and vitamin D intake through diet or supplements.
• Engage in regular weight-bearing exercises like walking or jogging.
• Avoid smoking and limit alcohol consumption.

Medications

• Common options include bisphosphonates (e.g., alendronate), denosumab, and hormone therapy.
• Consider calcium and vitamin D supplements as needed.

Monitoring and Follow-up

• Schedule regular bone density tests (DEXA scans).
• Adjust treatment based on fracture risk assessments.

Fall Prevention

• Implement home safety measures to reduce fall risks.
• Focus on balance and strength training exercises.

Specialist Involvement

• Consult endocrinologists or rheumatologists for complex cases.
• Primary care physicians play a key role in ongoing management.