Causes of Acid Reflux

• Occurs when stomach contents flow back into the esophagus due to a malfunctioning lower esophageal sphincter (LES).
• Contributing factors: obesity, smoking, alcohol, high-fat diet, carbonated drinks, and hiatal hernia.

Symptoms to Watch For

• Burning sensation in the upper abdomen or lower chest, often referred to as heartburn.

Treatment Options

• Lifestyle Changes: Weight loss, avoiding trigger foods (spicy, acidic), reducing alcohol and caffeine, not eating before bed.
• Medications: Over-the-counter antacids, H2 blockers, and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Consult a doctor for long-term use.
• Surgery: Considered if lifestyle changes and medications are ineffective, such as Fundoplication.

Preventive Measures

• Maintain a healthy weight, quit smoking, elevate the head of the bed, and eat smaller meals.

Relevant Medical Specialties

• Consult a gastroenterologist for persistent or severe symptoms.