Dandruff is a very common scalp problem that causes white flakes, itching, dryness, and irritation of the scalp. It is often related to conditions such as Seborrheic Dermatitis, excessive oil production, fungal overgrowth on the scalp, stress, poor sleep, irregular hair washing, dry skin, or sensitivity to certain hair products. In some people, weather changes, sweating, unhealthy diet, and anxiety can also make dandruff worse. Effective treatment usually includes regular use of medicated anti-dandruff shampoos containing ketoconazole, zinc pyrithione, selenium sulfide, or salicylic acid, which help reduce fungal growth, itching, and scalp flaking. The shampoo should generally be used two to three times a week and left on the scalp for a few minutes before washing for better results. Avoid scratching the scalp because it can increase irritation and hair fall. Washing the scalp regularly, keeping the hair clean, and avoiding excessive use of hair gels, sprays, and harsh chemical products may also help control dandruff. Home care measures such as reducing stress, drinking enough water, eating a healthy diet rich in protein and vitamins, and getting proper sleep can support scalp health. Some people may benefit from light oil massage if the scalp is dry, but excessive oil application should be avoided because it can worsen dandruff in oily scalps. If dandruff becomes severe, causes redness, pus, patchy hair loss, or does not improve with regular treatment, you should consult a dermatologist because stronger medicated lotions or further evaluation may be needed. With proper scalp care and consistent treatment, dandruff can usually be controlled effectively over time.