Low sperm count can happen due to stress, smoking, alcohol, obesity, poor sleep, hormonal imbalance, infections, varicocele, nutritional deficiencies, or other medical conditions. Treatment depends on the exact cause, so semen analysis and medical evaluation are very important before starting medicines. Doctors may recommend lifestyle changes, antioxidant supplements, vitamins, hormonal treatment, or treatment for underlying conditions if needed. Avoid smoking, alcohol, excessive heat exposure, and anabolic steroids because they can further reduce sperm quality. Maintaining a healthy weight, regular exercise, and a balanced diet may also improve fertility over time. Since sperm production takes several weeks, improvement usually occurs gradually rather than immediately.