To address skin darkness and uneven tone, several effective medical ingredients can help. For targeted treatment, **Hydroquinone** (2-4%) is the gold standard for fading hyperpigmentation but must be used under a doctor's supervision. Other powerful options include prescription **Retinoids (like Tretinoin)** to speed up cell turnover, **Azelaic Acid**, **Kojic Acid**, and **Vitamin C** to brighten the skin. Daily use of a broad-spectrum **sunscreen (SPF 30+)** is absolutely mandatory, as UV rays will worsen pigmentation and reverse results. Please consult a dermatologist first to get a personalized prescription and avoid potential side effects like skin irritation.

Mometasone is a strong steroid and not recommended for long-term facial use, as it can cause skin thinning or localized lightening. For melasma, safer and more effective topical alternatives include generic azelaic acid, hydroquinone, kojic acid, or tretinoin, always paired with a daily broad-spectrum sunscreen. The lighter patch near your eye needs careful evaluation, as it could be a side effect of the steroid cream or a separate skin condition. Please stop using the mometasone near your eyes and consult a dermatologist. They can safely examine both areas and prescribe a tailored treatment plan, which may also include gentle chemical peels.

Those dark spots are called post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and are very common after pimples heal. They are not permanent scars and will fade. To speed up the process, you can use topical treatments containing ingredients like niacinamide, vitamin C, or azelaic acid, which help brighten the skin. Gently exfoliating ingredients like salicylic acid or retinoids can also help by promoting skin cell turnover. Most importantly, apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 30 or higher) daily, as sun exposure makes these spots darker. Be patient, as fading takes a few weeks. If they persist, a dermatologist can recommend stronger options.

Small black spots on the face are usually due to clogged pores, mild acne marks, or sun-related pigmentation. Keep your face clean by washing gently twice daily and using a light, non-oily moisturiser to keep the skin balanced, and apply sunscreen regularly to prevent spots from getting darker. Avoid touching or picking at the spots, as this can worsen them, and keep your routine simple, using only a few products. Drinking enough water and eating balanced meals can also support skin health. If the spots increase, become stubborn, or change in appearance, they need attention. Consult a doctor to guide you on suitable treatment for better improvement.

Small, dot-like spots inside the mouth are often due to minor ulcers, food irritation, or low vitamin levels. Keep your mouth clean by rinsing with warm salt water a few times a day to soothe the area, and avoid spicy, very hot, or sharp foods that can irritate it further. Drink enough water and eat simple, soft foods so the mouth can heal comfortably, and maintain gentle oral hygiene with a soft brush. Try to manage stress and ensure proper nutrition, as these can affect healing. If the spots become painful, increase in size, or fail to settle, they need proper care. Consult a doctor to check the cause and guide proper care.

Skin darkening and dryness years after gallbladder surgery is unlikely to be due to antibiotics. Common causes include acanthosis nigricans (often linked to insulin resistance or diabetes), hormonal imbalance (like thyroid issues), nutritional deficiencies (B12), or chronic skin dryness. Treatment depends on the cause: managing blood sugar, correcting deficiencies, using moisturisers, and sometimes prescription creams can help. A dermatologist consultation will give a more accurate diagnosis and a proper treatment plan.