Understanding Anal Fissures and Fistulas

• Anal fissures are small tears in the anal lining, causing pain and bleeding. Fistulas are abnormal connections between the anal canal and skin.

Conservative Treatment Options for Anal Fissures

• Dietary Modifications: High-fiber diet and adequate hydration.
• Symptomatic Relief: Use stool softeners and sitz baths.
• Topical Medications: Apply nitroglycerin ointment or calcium channel blockers.

Medical and Surgical Treatments for Anal Fistulas

• Infection Management: Antibiotics and drainage if needed.
• Surgical Options: Fistulotomy, seton placement, or advancement flap procedures.

When to Consult a Specialist

• Seek evaluation from a proctologist or colorectal surgeon for persistent symptoms or if surgery is considered.

Post-Treatment Care and Prevention

• Maintain proper hygiene, follow wound care instructions, and make lifestyle changes to prevent recurrence.

Relevant Medical Specialties and Tests

• Consult colorectal surgery and gastroenterology. Diagnostic tests like MRI or endoanal ultrasound may be necessary.